This paper examines the efficiency of alternative energy equity Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) and conventional energy equity ETFs from 2018 to 2020, utilizing a combination of an output-oriented Slack-Based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and cluster analysis.In the context of an output-oriented DEA model, efficiency is defined as the ability
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an important topic in array signal processing.Currently, most research activities are focused on the single signal transmission (SST) type of signals, i.e.only one physical signal is used to carry the information from a transmitter to a receiver with a given polarisation setting.However, to make full use of
In the indoor laser simulation localization and mapping (SLAM) system, the signal emitted by the LiDAR sensor is easily affected by lights and objects with low reflectivity during the transmission process, resulting in more noise points in the laser scan.To solve the above problem, this paper proposes a clustering noise reduction method based on ke
Introduction Given the complex causal origins of many non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and the complex landscapes in which policies designed to tackle them are made and unfold, the need for systems thinking and complexity science (STCS) in developing effective policy solutions has been emphasised.While numerous methods informed by STCS have been a